{"id":"f75a6652-2ce5-489a-ae63-46606f0d0c08","slug":"diagnosis-and-treatment-of-cervical-epidural-abscess-and-or-cervical-vertebral-osteomyelitis-with-or-without-retropharyngeal-abscess-a-review","title":"Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cervical Epidural Abscess and/or Cervical Vertebral Osteomyelitis with or without Retropharyngeal Abscess; A Review","authors":["Nancy Epstein"],"abstract":"Background: Every year approximately 19.6 patients/100,000 per year are admitted to hospitals with spinal epidural abscesses (CSEA), 7.4/100,000 have vertebral osteomyelitis (VO)/100,000/year, while 4.1/100.000 children/year have cervical retropharyngeal abscesses (RPA) (i.e., data insufficient for adults). Methods: Here we evaluated 11 individual case studies, 6 multiple patient series, and looked at 9 general review articles focusing on CSEA, and/or VO, with/without RPA. Results: Of the 11 case studies involving 15 patients, 14 had cervical spinal epidural abscesses (CSEA: 10 CSEA/ VO/RPA, 2 CSEA/VO, 1 CSEA/TSEA, 1 CSEA/ TSEA/LSEA), 13 had cervical osteomyelitis (VO: 11 VO/CSEA, 2 VO/RPA), and 12 had cervical retropharyngeal abscesses (RPA: 10 RPA/CSEA/VO, 2 RPA/VO alone). When patients were treated surgically, they required 12 anterior, and 2 posterior approaches; 1 patient required no surgery. In the 6 larger cervical series involving 355 patients, 4 series involved CSEA (3 CSEA, 1 CSEA/VO), and 2 seires had cervical VO. Primary surgery was performed in 298 patients, while 57 were initially managed medically; 24 of these latter patients failed non-surgical therapy, and required delayed cervical surgery. Notably, all 17 clinical studies advocated early surgery where clinically appropriate for varying combinations of CSEA and/or VO with or without RPA. The 8 final articles reviewed all-levels of SEA and or VO, while also providing additional unique information regarding RPA. Conclusion: We analyzed 11 case studies and 6 multiple case series regarding the diagnosis and treatment of combinations of cervical CSEA, and/or VO with or without RPA. We also reviewed 8 articles on the evaluation/ management of all-level SEAs and/or VOs, along with the unique features of RPAs.","thumbnailUrl":"https://sni-digital-videos.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/f75a6652-2ce5-489a-ae63-46606f0d0c08/featured/hero-cropped-1781563377877.jpg","publishDate":"2020-06-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.25259/SNI_294_2020","categories":["Spine","Review Article"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/10095/SNI-11-160.pdf"}