{"id":"da6f136d-1321-4172-81fa-071f612ea305","slug":"extracranial-carotid-localized-fibromuscular-dysplasia-a-case-report-and-literature-review","title":"Extracranial carotid localized fibromuscular dysplasia: A case report and literature review","authors":["Mustafa Ismail","Teeba A. Al-Ageely","Mohamed Almustafa A. Alzerkani","Younus M. Al-Khazaali","Haneen A. Salih","Aktham O. Al-Khafaji","Zahraa M. Kareem","Alkawthar M. Abdulsada","Hayder R. Salih","Samer S. Hoz"],"abstract":"Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic arteriopathy that is characterized by irregular cellular proliferation and deformed construction of the arterial wall that causes segmentation, constriction, or aneurysm in the intermediate-sized arteries. The incidence of FMD is 0.42–3.4%, and the unilateral occurrence is even rarer. Herein, we report a rare case of a localized extracranial carotid unilateral FMD associated with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) treated by extracranial-intracranial bypass for indirect revascularization. The specific localization of the disease rendered our case unique. Methods: We conducted a review of the PubMed Medline database search using the following combined formula: ((FMD [Title/Abstract]) AND ((isolated [Title/Abstract]) OR (localized [Title/Abstract]))) AND Internal carotid artery (ICA) (Title/Abstract). Additional resources were included by screening the reference list of the selected papers. Results: A total of six cases were found, and all accounted for localized FMD affecting the ICA. The age range was between 19 and 52, the male-to-female ratio was (2:4), and all of the cases consisted of unilateral carotid FMD, mainly on the left side with a left-to-right ratio of 5:1. The management and outcome of these cases varied according to the case and associated complications. Conclusion: Extracranial localized FMD of the ICA is a rare subtype of FMD that has little documentation in the literature. In our case, it was a localized extracranial carotid unilateral FMD associated with recurrent TIAs. The appropriate treatment was using the intracranial-extracranial bypass.","thumbnailUrl":"https://sni-digital-videos.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/da6f136d-1321-4172-81fa-071f612ea305/featured/hero-1781560824929.png","publishDate":"2022-10-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.25259/SNI_937_2022","categories":["Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology","Review Article"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/api/articles/da6f136d-1321-4172-81fa-071f612ea305/pdf"}