{"id":"ac62f307-080f-4160-b0cb-510d9fe765e1","slug":"from-the-bench-to-the-bedside-stimulating-science-from-around-the-globe","title":"From the bench to the bedside: Stimulating science from around the globe","authors":["Jason S. Hauptman"],"abstract":"Background: Motor cortex stimulation has been shown to improve motor deficits following unilateral corticospinal tract injury. Astrocytes have been identified as playing a significant role in breathing regulation. Additionally, implantable microelectrodes have provided insights into the presence of microseizures in the epileptic brain. Methods: In this study, the authors utilized a rat model of unilateral motor cortex injury and performed epidural electrical stimulation of the intact hemisphere. They also employed advanced neuromodulation techniques to assess astrocytic responses in the ventral medulla and utilized implantable microelectrodes to analyze microseizure activity in patients with epilepsy. Results: The study found that electrical stimulation of the intact motor cortex led to complete resolution of motor deficits by 30 days post-injury. Astrocytes in the ventral medulla exhibited calcium excitation in response to acidification, which was shown to influence breathing. Furthermore, patients with epilepsy demonstrated increased frequency and duration of microseizures, particularly within the ictal onset zone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that motor cortex stimulation may effectively restore motor function after CST injury, while astrocytes play a critical role in respiratory reflexes. The identification of microseizures in the epileptic brain may enhance the understanding of seizure-generating regions and inform surgical interventions. Keywords: motor cortex stimulation, astrocytes, breathing regulation, microseizures, epilepsy, corticospinal tract, neuromodulation","thumbnailUrl":null,"publishDate":"2010-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.4103/2152-7806.69377","categories":["Original Article"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3216/SNI-1-50.pdf"}