{"id":"47221920-fecd-4477-82c3-c52fb0299b00","slug":"history-of-myelography-with-pantopaque-contributing-to-arachnoiditis","title":"History of myelography with pantopaque contributing to arachnoiditis","authors":["Ron Pawl"],"abstract":"Background: Myelography using Pantopaque was the primary method for analyzing the spinal canal contents from the mid-1960s. Pantopaque, an oil-based contrast agent, was not absorbable and often left in the canal, leading to irritation of the leptomeninges and subsequent arachnoiditis. Methods: A multidisciplinary pain treatment center was established to address patients with arachnoiditis attributed to various modalities, excluding Pantopaque myelography. Each patient underwent a comprehensive evaluation by a team including nurses, therapists, psychologists, and physicians, with psychological testing performed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results: Psychological testing revealed elevations in scales indicating somatization, often associated with depression and anxiety. The evaluation highlighted the importance of recognizing psychosocial issues to improve treatment outcomes for patients with chronic pain syndromes like adhesive arachnoiditis and fibromyalgia. Conclusion: Successful rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain complaints requires a thorough understanding of their psychological profiles and the integration of multidisciplinary approaches. The surgical community must differentiate between chronic pain syndromes and surgical lesions to ensure appropriate treatment. Keywords: myelography, Pantopaque, arachnoiditis, chronic pain, multidisciplinary treatment, psychological testing, fibromyalgia","thumbnailUrl":null,"publishDate":"2014-08-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.4103/2152-7806.139617","categories":["Spine","Original Article"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4127/SNI-5-315.pdf"}