{"id":"578189c3-86aa-4a65-a0f8-8782dbfa05aa","slug":"is-it-time-to-perform-the-first-human-head-transplant-comment-on-the-csa-cephalosomatic-anastomosis-paper-by-ren-canavero-and-colleagues","title":"Is it time to perform the first human head transplant? Comment on the CSA (cephalosomatic anastomosis) paper by Ren, Canavero, and colleagues","authors":["James I. Ausman"],"abstract":"Background: In November 2017, Surgical Neurology International published an article discussing the potential for the first human head transplant, termed cephalosomatic anastomosis (CSA), led by Ren and Canavero. The article highlighted the complexities of the surgical procedure and the necessity for successful reconnection of the severed spinal cord, which has historically been deemed impossible. Advances in composite tissue allo-transplantation (CTA) have paved the way for this groundbreaking procedure, addressing critical organ failure while preserving a healthy mind. Summary: The editorial reviews the significant components of the CSA procedure, including spinal cord reconnection, surgical techniques, and the potential for transplant rejection. It emphasizes the historical context of spinal cord repair, citing case reports and experimental studies that suggest functional recovery may be achievable despite previous beliefs. The use of fusogens and electrical stimulation to enhance nerve growth across severed spinal cords is discussed, highlighting promising results from animal studies. Conclusion: The editorial posits that the advancements in spinal cord repair techniques and the understanding of neuronal regeneration provide a foundation for considering human head transplantation. While challenges remain, the evidence from both historical cases and recent experimental work suggests that achieving functional recovery post-transplant may be within reach. Continued research and ethical considerations will be crucial as the field progresses towards this unprecedented surgical frontier. Keywords: head transplant, cephalosomatic anastomosis, spinal cord repair, fusogens, neural regeneration, composite tissue transplantation, surgical techniques, transplant rejection","thumbnailUrl":null,"publishDate":"2018-02-13T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.4103/sni.sni_471_17","categories":["Spine","Editorial"],"fullTextUrl":"http://surgicalneurologyint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/8755/SNI-9-27.pdf"}