{"id":"c4fe3235-1ca0-419a-add8-0b5e31d8e433","slug":"orbital-neuromuscular-hamartoma-with-cavernous-sinus-involvement-a-case-report-of-a-rare-trigeminal","title":"Orbital neuromuscular hamartoma with cavernous sinus involvement: A case report of a rare trigeminal nerve tumor","authors":["Kevin S. Toache","Víctor Correa-Correa","Flavio Hernández González","Edgar F. Higuera-Gonzalez","Federico Chavez-Peón Pérez","Marco A. Rodriguez-Florido","Blas E. López-Felix"],"abstract":"Background: Neuromuscular hamartoma (NMH), or benign triton tumor, is a uncommon peripheral nerve lesion of mature skeletal muscle fibers mixed with nerve elements. Trigeminal nerve involvement is rare, especially with combined intraorbital and intracranial extension. Case Description: A 35-year-old woman with a 6-year history of right-sided proptosis, retro-orbital pain, diplopia, and visual impairment. A prior biopsy suggested schwannoma, and radiotherapy was performed without improvement. Examination showed right cranial nerve III, IV, and VI palsies. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass extending from the orbit through the superior orbital fissure into middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. The lesion was treated with a staged surgical approach with intracranial resection followed by orbital exploration with evisceration of the nonfunctional eye. Histopathology confirmed NMH. Postoperative imaging showed gross-total resection without recurrence. Conclusion: NMH of the trigeminal nerve is a uncommon entity that can mimic more aggressive neoplasms on imaging, leading to misdiagnosis. Accurate histopathological evaluation and multidisciplinary decision-making are crucial. For orbital and cavernous sinus involvement, staged surgery can provide effective disease control.","thumbnailUrl":"https://sni-digital-videos.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/sni-17-365/figures/SNI-17-365-g001.jpg","publishDate":"2026-06-26T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.25259/SNI_266_2026","categories":["Skull Base","Case Report"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/sni-17-365/SNI-17-365.pdf"}