{"id":"fd20116f-2d08-471f-a7c6-693c61cf1d74","slug":"why-immunoexcitoxicity-is-the-basis-of-most-neurodegenerative-diseases-and-systemic-immune-activation-an-analysis","title":"Why immunoexcitoxicity is the basis of most neurodegenerative diseases and systemic immune activation: An analysis","authors":["Russell L. Blaylock"],"abstract":"Background: Immunoexcitotoxicity refers to the relationship between immune activation and the enhancement of excitotoxicity in tissues with glutamate receptors. This process involves various systems, including the inhibition of glutamate transporters by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of excitotoxic receptor subunits. As neurodegenerative processes progress, the dysfunction of astrocytes and microglia exacerbates the accumulation of extracellular glutamate, leading to cell injury. Summary: The editorial discusses how inflammatory cytokines can enhance excitotoxicity by modifying glutamate receptor sensitivity and promoting the conversion of non-calcium permeable AMPA receptors to calcium permeable forms. It highlights the role of ROS in inactivating glutamate transporters and the implications of systemic immune activation on neurodegenerative diseases. The interconnectedness of the immune system and glutamate receptors is emphasized, particularly in the context of neuroinflammation. Conclusion: The article underscores the critical link between immunoexcitotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that systemic immune activation can have lasting effects on neuronal health. Understanding these mechanisms may provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for managing neurodegenerative conditions. Keywords: immunoexcitotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, glutamate receptors, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, cytokines, excitotoxicity, astrocytes","thumbnailUrl":"https://sni-digital-videos.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/fd20116f-2d08-471f-a7c6-693c61cf1d74/featured/hero-1781560137110.png","publishDate":"2023-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.25259/SNI_626_2023","categories":["Inflammation","Editorial"],"fullTextUrl":"https://surgicalneurologyint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/12478/SNI-14-281.pdf"}